Hyaluronidase is often described as “dissolving” dermal filler, but this term oversimplifies how the enzyme actually interacts with long-standing filler within living tissue. This article explains why hyaluronidase more accurately modifies a complex filler–tissue system rather than completely eliminating filler, and why clearer terminology improves patient understanding, clinical decision-making, and ethical practice in aesthetic medicine.
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Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a biostimulatory injectable that restores midfacial volume through collagen neogenesis rather than gel-based filling. Controlled clinical evidence directly quantifying PLLA's volumetric efficacy remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes of a Norberg Medical PLLA formulation for midface rejuvenation in a prospective, evaluator-blinded, split-face controlled study.
Conventional botulinum toxin type A (BoNT/A) products include non-therapeutic accessory proteins vary in composition and manufacturing processes, which may contribute to differences in purity and biochemical characteristics. YY001 (Retoxin®) is a novel recombinant BoNT/A manufactured via E. coli expression to reduce impurities, improve purity, and minimize immunogenic risk.
Collagenase clostridium histolyticum-aaes (CCH-aaes) is FDA-approved for cellulite treatment but was withdrawn because of high bruising incidence. Histological effects of CCH-aaes in humans remain poorly characterized. The aim of the study was to evaluate histopathologic changes in human subcutaneous tissue following CCH-aaes injection and compare injection techniques to identify strategies that reduce bruising.
Energy-based devices are widely used for facial rejuvenation; as a result, an increasing proportion of patients presenting for facelift or necklift surgery have a history of prior treatment with ultrasound- or radiofrequency-based technologies. While the efficacy and safety of these devices are well established, their cumulative effects on facial soft tissues critical to deep-layer facelift surgery remain under-recognized.
Minimally invasive filler injections are prevalent in aesthetic medicine. However, in recent years, the occurrence of complications has gradually increased.
Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) is widely used clinically; yet, its temporary effects require repeated injections that increase cost and inconvenience. There is limited rigorous evidence to support claims that repeated BoNT-A use alters efficacy. Unlike peripheral nerve transection, which causes irreversible denervation after 12 to 24 months, the long-term physiological effects of BoNT-A chemodenervation remain unclear.
Ptosis, the drooping of the upper eyelid caused by levator palpebrae superioris dysfunction, can impair vision and quality of life.
Botulinum neurotoxins (eg, onabotulinumtoxinA) are used off-label to treat masseter muscle prominence (MMP), a benign enlargement of the masseter muscles that may be aesthetically undesirable.
Abstract: High-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) is increasingly used to map facial vasculature and tissue planes, identify prior fillers, and objectively assess volume after autologous facial fat grafting (AFG), but its perioperative benefit has not been systematically synthesized.